Formation control involves the coordination and synchronization of multiple agents, such as robots or vehicles, to move in a desired pattern or formation. This research area focuses on developing algorithms and control strategies that enable agents to maintain a specified formation while avoiding collisions and achieving a common goal. Formation control is often used in applications such as autonomous driving, swarm robotics, and aerial surveillance. Researchers explore various techniques, including decentralized control, leader-follower approaches, and artificial intelligence, to effectively manage the behavior of multiple agents in formation.